The most common causes of gum disease include poor oral hygiene, plaque and tartar buildup, smoking, genetic factors, and systemic diseases. When diagnosed at an early stage, professional cleaning and a good oral care routine can restore gum health. However, in advanced stages, surgical interventions may be required.

The treatment process is planned according to the severity of the disease. In mild cases, professional dental cleaning, deep root surface scaling (curettage), and antibiotic treatments may be sufficient. In more advanced cases, advanced treatment methods such as gum surgery or bone grafting may be necessary.